A transdermal and/or intradermal diagnostic device comprising a combined hollow microneedle interstitial fluid (IF) extraction device and a detector can monitor biomarkers in-situ. For example, electrode transducers with optimally arrayed and designed microneedles can be combined with a suitable pumping method to determine biomarker levels in human subjects under intense physical exertion to monitor metabolic stress and fatigue. The device can perform real-time, in-situ measurements of lactate in human subjects. Monitoring of other biomarkers is straightforward.
STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT INTEREST
[0002] This invention was made with Government support under contract no. DE-AC04-94AL85000 awarded by the U.S. Department of Energy to Sandia Corporation. The Government has certain rights in the invention.